Diversity of sandflies in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India, a region endemic to Chandipura virus encephalitis

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Sandflies are implicated as vectors of Chandipura virus (CHPV) (Vesiculovirus Rhabdoviridae). The virus is prevalent in central India including Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. CHPV causes encephalitis in children below 15 yr of age with case fatality rates ranging from 56 to 78 per cent. The present study was undertaken to determine the sandfly fauna in the CHPV endemic Vidharba region. Methods: A year round survey of sandflies was conducted at 25 sites in three districts of Vidarbha region. Sandflies were collected from their resting sites using handheld aspirators and identified using taxonomical keys. Results: A total of 6568 sandflies were collected during the study. Approximately 99 per cent of the collection belonged to genus Sergentomyia, which was represented by Ser. babu, Ser. bailyi and Ser. punjabensis. Genus Phlebotomus was represented by Ph. argentipes and Ph. papatasi. Ser. babu was the predominant species (70.7%) collected during the study. Ph. argentipes was detected in four villages with 0.89 per cent, whereas Ph. papatasi was detected in only one village with 0.32 per cent of the total collection. CHPV could not be isolated despite processing all the sandflies for virus isolation in cell culture. Interpretation & conclusions: The present study showed influence of higher temperature and relative humidity on sandfly population dynamics. An important observation during the study was the absence or decline in the population of Ph. papatasi and Ph. argentipes in the study area. Surge in Sergentomyia population and their breeding/resting in close vicinity to humans pose a concern as they are known to harbour CHPV and other viruses of public health importance