A descriptive study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and practices among government senior secondary school students on household waste management in the Gohar block of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

Background: Proper household waste management is crucial for environmental sustainability and public health. This study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and practices of household waste management among 400 students and explore the associations with socio-demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered aspects of awareness, knowledge, and practices related to household waste management. Socio-demographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations. Results: Among students, 67.8% were aware of household waste management, 84.3% knew waste separation, but only 26.3% and 35% were aware of waste minimization and e-waste. While 92.8% recognized the local government's role, almost half remained unconvinced. 65.3% knew about household waste, and 71% knew disposal methods. However, only 79.3% knew solid waste reuse, and 94.8% knew 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.' Practices varied: 92.5% segregated waste, 57.5% composted kitchen waste, and 70.8% disposed outside. A minority (15.3%) disposed of outdoors. Diverse waste collection methods included 29.8% using bins, 28.2% using tin cans, and 15.3% using plastic bags. Socio-demographics influenced awareness, knowledge, and practices. Conclusions: Comprehensive waste management education is needed, focusing on waste minimization and e-waste. Addressing teacher knowledge gaps is essential. Tailored education accounting for socio-demographic factors is crucial. Improved waste disposal infrastructure is required to reduce improper waste disposal. Continuing government initiatives can enhance awareness and responsible waste management.