Toxicity assessment and microbial degradation of azo dyes.
Indian J Exp Biol
;
2006 Aug; 44(8): 618-26
Article
in English
| IMSEAR
| ID: sea-60801
ABSTRACT
Toxic effluents containing azo dyes are discharged from various industries and they adversely affect water resources, soil fertility, aquatic organisms and ecosystem integrity. They pose toxicity (lethal effect, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity) to aquatic organisms (fish, algae, bacteria, etc.) as well as animals. They are not readily degradable under natural conditions and are typically not removed from waste water by conventional waste water treatment systems. Benzidine based dyes have long been recognized as a human urinary bladder carcinogen and tumorigenic in a variety of laboratory animals. Several microorganisms have been found to decolourize, transform and even to completely mineralize azo dyes. A mixed culture of two Pseudomonas strains efficiently degraded mixture of 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) and phenol/cresols. Azoreductases of different microorganisms are useful for the development of biodegradation systems as they catalyze reductive cleavage of azo groups (-N=N-) under mild conditions. In this review, toxic impacts of dyeing factory effluents on plants, fishes, and environment, and plausible bioremediation strategies for removal of azo dyes have been discussed.
Full text:
Available
Index:
IMSEAR (South-East Asia)
Main subject:
Plants
/
Pseudomonas
/
Azo Compounds
/
Humans
/
Risk Assessment
/
Coloring Agents
/
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
/
Animals
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Risk factors
Language:
English
Journal:
Indian J Exp Biol
Year:
2006
Type:
Article
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