Prevalence of celiac disease among siblings of celiac disease patients.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in siblings of patients with this disease in Punjab, where wheat is the staple diet. METHODS: Families of 80 patients with CD diagnosed as per modified ESPGAN criteria were offered family screening. Their siblings aged 2-15 years were tested for serum IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) antibody. Those with positive or borderline test and some of those with negative test underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Siblings with characteristics histological findings and showing improvement on follow-up were labeled as having celiac disease. RESULTS: Of the 63 siblings of 48 index cases studied, 15 tested positive for anti-tTG; of these 13 had celiac disease. Three tested borderline for anti-tTG; none of them had CD. Of the 45 anti-tTG-negative subjects, two agreed to undergo biopsy; one of these had features of CD. Overall, 14 of 63 (22%) siblings had CD, including 8 who had no symptoms suggestive of CD. CONCLUSIONS: CD is common among siblings of patients with CD in Punjab and may be asymptomatic.