Diagnosis and management of otosclerosis in a Filipino population: A case series

ABSTRACT

Objective@#This case series aims to describe the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis in a series of Filipino patients encountered in a private, subspecialty otologic clinical practice. In particular, it elucidates the demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic exam findings, clinical intervention and hearing outcomes.@*Methods@#Study Design: Retrospective review of medical records of a case series. Setting: Subspecialty otologic / neurotologic clinical practice. Participants: Medical records of all patients diagnosed to have otosclerosis based on radiologic evidence of fenestral or retrofenestral otosclerosis and/or confirmed during surgical exploration of the middle ear, during the period 2004-2017. @*Results@#Nine patients with otosclerosis were identified. Most patients presented with bilateral, primarily conductive hearing loss in middle age. However, an adolescent patient was also identified. Most patients were from the component cities of the National Capital Region. However, patients from the Cordillera region and south-central Mindanao were also identified. Radiologic evidence of fenestral or retrofenestral otosclerosis was identified in the majority of patients. However, readings of normal temporal bone CT findings were also seen. Obliterative otosclerosis was identified in one patient. Both objective and subjective evidence of hearing improvement was documented after stapedectomy in patients undergoing surgery.@*Conclusions@#This study documents the presence of clinical otosclerosis in a Filipino population. As in other populations, it typically presents in middle age as a bilateral, primarily conductive hearing loss. However, a younger age does not preclude its diagnosis, as juvenile otosclerosis has been identified. The presence of patients in regions of the Philippines other than the National Capital Region implies that it has to be considered even in regional populations without a racial predilection for otosclerosis. The identification of radiologic evidence of fenestral and retrofenestral otosclerosis on CT imaging of the temporal bone makes this is an essential part of the work-up of Filipino patients with conductive hearing loss and normal otologic examinations. Surgical treatment via stapes surgery is an effective and viable option in the management of Filipino patients with otosclerosis. The identification of less common variants such as obliterative otosclerosis indicates the need for specialized surgical equipment and appropriate surgical training in order to successfully deal with these situations.