Effects of R-loops on Genome Stability / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
;
(12): 1238-1246, 2023.
Article
in Chinese
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-1015637
ABSTRACT
The R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, which consists of a RNA DNA hybrid and a DNA single strand. R-loop can be divided into two types physiological and pathological. The physiological R-loop is involved in many physiological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and gene expression regulation, while the pathological R-loop induces DNA damage and genome rearrangement. There are many factors that affect the formation of R-loops. Unregulated R-loops destroy genomic stability by interfering with DNA replication and double-strand DNA break repair, and can cause cancer. Therefore, the regulation of R-loops is very important. RNA/ DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX), DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5), ribonuclease H (RNase H) and DNA topoisomerase I (topo) play an important role in regulating the balance of R-loops in vivo. Among them, SETX is one of the most characteristic R-loop decomposing enzymes, which can dissolve the R-loops produced during transcriptional termination sites, replication-transcriptional conflicts and DNA damage repair. Senataxin mutations will lead to ataxia with eye movement apraxia type 2 (AOA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 (ALS4). Currently there are still many unsolved issues, although many in-depth studies of R-loops have been carried out. Therefore, the structure and function of physiological and pathological R-loops still need to be further explored. This review mainly focuses on the definition and classification of R-loops, the factors that affect the formation of R-loops, the influence of R-loops on genomic stability and R-loop-related diseases, and explores the possibility of using R-loops as a therapeutic target in the future.
Full text:
Available
Index:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Language:
Chinese
Journal:
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Year:
2023
Type:
Article
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