Research Progress of ACSL3 and Related Diseases / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

ABSTRACT

Lipid droplets are important organelles that have the function of storing intracellular lipid and regulation of cell lipid homeostasis. A variety of lipid droplet-related proteins exists on the surface of lipid droplets. The acyl CoA long chain synthetase 3 (ACSL3) of the long chain acyl-CoA synthetase family is a kind of lipid droplet-related protein and an essential enzyme in the process of biosynthesis. ACSL3, which plays different roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as the synthesis of lipid droplets, the regulation of autophagy, and cell iron death, is widely distributed on the surface of lipid droplets in most cells. In addition, many studies have shown that ACSL3 is also widely involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and tumors. At present, domestic research on ACSL3 is relatively focused on the relationship between ACSL3 and animal breeding and growth. However, the reports on the mechanism of ACSL3 in lipid metabolism and the relationship between ACSL3 and diseases are relatively rare. This article summarizes the structure of ACSL3 and its mechanism in cell lipid metabolism and related diseases, which may provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes and other ACSL3 related diseases. This article also further explores the role of ACSL3 in the process of lipid droplet synthesis, autophagy, and iron death.