Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

ABSTRACT

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by chronically relapsing, often intensely pruritic eczematous lesions. AD occurs primarily in children, with a prevalence of 10% to 20% of children worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and multifactorial. Genetic factors, environmental factors, immune dysfunction, and skin barrier dysfunction play a role in its development. Because there is no definitive laboratory test, AD is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical symptoms. Regardless of the severity of the disease, skin-directed therapies, including skin care, trigger avoidance, and acute treatment for flares, should be implemented for every patient. Educating patients and family members regarding the pathogenesis of the disease, treatment goals, and prognosis plays an extremely important role in the management of AD. Personalized, optimized, and well-communicated treatment plans should be continually refined during regular follow-ups.