Malunion: Deformity Correction of the Upper Extremity

ABSTRACT

Malunions after fractures are classified as shortened, angulated, torsion, or rotational deformities that is outside the acceptable range, regardless of the location, whether upper or lower extremity. The distinct feature of a malunion in the upper extremity is that it is free from weight bearing; thus, some degree of shortening is allowed compared with the contralateral normal side in long bones, such as the humerus, radius, or ulna. However, malunions associated with functional impairment, especially angulated or rotational deformities, are more likely to develop instability, degenerative lesions, or rarely, compressive neuropathy. Hence, malunions with such association may occasionally require correction.