Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Transmission via Breast Milk in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Yonsei Medical Journal
;
: 998-1006, 2015.
Article
in English
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-150485
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) have a high risk of acquiring cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection via breast milk and consequently developing serious symptoms. We evaluated whether freeze-thawing or pasteurization could prevent postnatal CMV infection transmitted through breast milk in ELBWIs. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
Medical records of 385 ELBWIs with whole milk feeding, and freeze-thawed or pasteurized breast milk feeding were reviewed retrospectively. Postnatally acquired CMV infection was defined as an initial negative and a subsequent positive on follow-up urine CMV DNA polymerase chain reaction screening tests. The incidence, clinical characteristics, symptoms, sequelae, and long-term outcome at corrected age [(CA) 2 years of CMV infection] were analyzed.RESULTS:
While no infant developed CMV infection with whole milk (0/22) or pasteurized breast milk (0/62) feeding, postnatal CMV infection was diagnosed in 8% (27/301) of ELBWIs who were fed freeze-thawed breast milk. Gestational age in the CMV group was significantly lower than the control group. In 82% (22/27) of cases, CMV infection was symptomatic and was associated with increased ventilator days and > or =moderate bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Neurodevelopmental outcome and growth status at CA 2 years were not different between the study groups. Lower gestational age and freeze-thawed breast milk feeding >60% of total oral intake during the first 8 postnatal weeks were independent risk factors for acquiring postnatal CMV infection. BPD (> or =moderate) was the only significant adverse outcome associated with this CMV infection.CONCLUSION:
Pasteurization but not freeze-thawing of breast milk eradicated the postnatal acquisition of CMV infection through breast milk.
Full text:
Available
Index:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
/
Breast Feeding
/
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
/
Polymerase Chain Reaction
/
Incidence
/
Retrospective Studies
/
Risk Factors
/
Gestational Age
/
Cytomegalovirus Infections
/
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Incidence study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Infant, Newborn
/
Pregnancy
Language:
English
Journal:
Yonsei Medical Journal
Year:
2015
Type:
Article
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