Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors and Host Factors

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human infection world-wide. However, only a limited proportion of the infected population developed gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. These various outcomes of H. pylori infection may result from bacterial virulence factors, host factors such as genetic diversities, and environmental influences. Bacterial factors such as cagA PAI, vacA, adhesin and outer membrane proteins, and peptidoglycans are known to be associated with specific gastrointestinal diseases such gastric adenocarcinoma. Various cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and host immune reaction to the bacteria are closely related to specific diseases such as gastric adenocarcinoma and duodenal ulcer. In this article, we reviewed each factors and their relevance to the disease outcome.