Maxillary sinus floor elevation using autogenous skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells in miniature pigs

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In our previous studies, we isolated porcine skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pSDMSCs) from the ears of adult miniature pigs and evaluated the pluripotency of these pSDMSCs based on expressions of transcription factors, such as Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog. Moreover, the characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells was revealed by the expression of various mesenchymal stem cell markers, including CD29, CD44, CD90, and vimentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo osteogenesis after maxillary sinus lift procedures with autogenous pSDMSCs and scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The autogenous pSDMSCs were isolated from the 4 miniature pigs, and cultured to 3rd passage with same methods of our previous studies. After cell membranes were labeled using a PKH26, 1x10(7) cells/100 microliter of autogenous pSDMSCs were grafted into the maxillary sinus with a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and fibrin glue scaffold. In the contralateral control side, only a scaffold was grafted, without SDMSCs. After two animals each were euthanized at 2 and 4 weeks after grafting, the in vivo osteogenesis was evaluated with histolomorphometric and osteocalcin immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: In vivo PKH26 expression was detected in all specimens at 2 and 4 weeks after grafting. Trabecular bone formation and osteocalcin expression were more pronounced around the grafted materials in the autogenous pSDMSCs-grafted group compared to the control group. Newly generated bone was observed growing from the periphery to the center of the grafted material. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that autogenous skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells grafting with a DBM and fibrin glue scaffold can be a predictable method in the maxillary sinus floor elevation technique for implant surgery.