Percutaneous Lithotripsy for Removing Difficult Bile Duct Stones Using Endoscopy

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe efficacy of percutaneous lithotripsy for removing difficult bile duct stones using endoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 88 patients with difficulties for the removal of bile duct stones using endoscopy (an impacted stone, stone size >15 mm, intrahepatic duct (IHD) stone, stone size to bile duct diameter ratio >1.0), were enrolled in this study. A 12 Fr sheath was inserted through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tract, and then nitrol stone baskets and a 0.035" snare wire were used to capture, fragment and remove the stones. The technical and clinical success rates were analyzed, together with an analysis of any complications. RESULTS: The overall technical success rate of stone removal was achieved in 79 of 88 patients (89.8%). In five of nine patients with failed stone removal, small residual IHD stones were noted on a cholangiogram. Even if stone removal failed in these cases, cholangitic symptoms were improved and the drainage catheter was successfully removed. Therefore, clinical success was achieved in 84 of 88 patients (95.5%). There were no significant procedure-related complications, except for sepsis in one case. CONCLUSION: Billiary stone removal using the stone basket and guide-wire snare technique through the PTBD tract is a safe and effective procedure that can be used as a primary method in patients with difficulties for the removal of bile duct stones using endoscopy.