Influence of three booster doses hepatitis B vaccine on the persistence of immune-protection among infants with normal and high antibody response to primary vaccination: a matched case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the influence of three-booster-doses hepatitis B vaccines on children with normal and high antibody response to primary vaccination.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were detected after primary vaccination and children with normal or high response to hepatitis B primary vaccination at infancy, were identified. Children who were given three booster doses were selected to form the booster group and who were given no booster dose were 1∶1 matched with the same gender and residence to form the control group. Blood samples were obtained from all the participants and tested for anti-HBs and anti-HBc, 5 years after the primary vaccination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of anti-HBs response to primary vaccination were 97.39% (224/230, 95% CI 94.41%-99.04%) in the booster group and 53.91% (124/230, 95% CI 47.24%-60.48%) in the control group (P<0.05), 5 years after the primary vaccination. Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs were 1 140.02 (887.46-1 464.46) mIU/ml in the booster group and 11.53 (8.73-15.23) mIU/ml in the control group (P<0.05). The prevalence rates of breakthrough HBV infection were 0.87% (2/230) in the booster group and 2.17%(5/230) in the control group (P>0.05). RESULTS from the multivariable analysis showed that the booster doses (OR=38.75, 95%CI 16.23-92.54) and the level of anti-HBs after the primary vaccination (OR =3.06, 95%CI1.51-6.17) were independently associated with the positive rates of anti-HBs, 5 years after the primary vaccination (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Programs with three booster doses to children that showing normal and high antibody response to primary vaccination could improve the persistence of anti-HBs but possibly would not be able to prevent the HBV infection.</p>