Neonatal Characteristic of Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung Requiring Early Operation and Preoperative Intervention

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify neonatal characteristics associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) who required early operations and to introduce preoperative interventions to delay definitive operations until stabilized. METHODS: A retrospective review of dataset was performed from January 2000 to December 2011 for neonates admitted to NICU at Asan Medical Center with prenatally diagnosed CCAM. Variable prenatal and postnatal factors were compared for those who required early operations to those asymptomatic neonates who required elective operations at later age. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were enrolled and patients were divided into 2 groups according to time of operation. Median time of surgery for group 1 (n=12, 20%) and group 2 (n=48, 80%) was 5.5 days and 504 days, respectively. Maternal characteristics including age, parity, preterm labor, oligohydramnios were similar in between two groups. Factors associated with early operation included prenatal history of polyhydramnios (OR 23, P=0.001), who had undergone fetal interventions (OR 47, P=0.001), low 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores and increasing fetal fluid-filled cystic sizes (OR 26, P=0.013). Of those 3 neonates who required preoperative interventions to decrease air-filled cysts to relieve initial respiratory symptoms were successful and all underwent for definitive operations during NICU hospitalizations. All survived. CONCLUSION: Most neonates with CCAM undergo elective operations during infancy. However, about 20% neonates with polyhydramnios, fetal intervention, increasing fetal cystic mass and born with low Apgar scores required early operations for whom prenatal and postnatal interventions prior to definitive surgery can improve survival rate.