Risk factors and time-trends of cytomegalovirus (CMV), syphilis, toxoplasmosis and viral hepatitis infection and seroprevalence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
;
: 667-673, 2013.
Article
in English
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-285576
ABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Chronic bacterial, viral and parasitic infections contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study investigated risk factors and time-trends of the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A total antibody; and co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among newly diagnosed HIV individuals in Singapore.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>This was a cross-sectional study. A random sample of 50% of HIV infected patients who visited the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Singapore for first-time care from January 2006 to December 2011 were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 793 study subjects, 93.4% were male; 77.9% of them were of Chinese ethnicity; mean age at HIV diagnosis was 41.4 years; and the mean baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 222 cells/mm³. The prevalence of sero-reactivity for CMV was 96.8%; hepatitis A 40.9%; and toxoplasmosis 23.7%. Co-infection with syphilis was identified in 12.3%; hepatitis B 8.1%; and hepatitis C 2%. Among those co-infected with hepatitis C, 73.3% of them were intravenous drug user (IVDU). Syphilis co-infection was significantly more common among men who have sex with men (MSM) (multivariate OR 2.53, 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.90, P = 0.006).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study described the baseline rates of HIV co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and C in Singapore, and sero-reactivity to CMV, toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A. The increased rates compared to the general population may have important consequences for disease progression, response to antiretroviral treatment and long-term general health.</p>
Full text:
Available
Index:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Singapore
/
Time Factors
/
Blood
/
Syphilis
/
HIV Infections
/
Odds Ratio
/
Seroepidemiologic Studies
/
Toxoplasmosis
/
Epidemiology
/
Cross-Sectional Studies
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Observational study
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Prevalence study
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Prognostic study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
English
Journal:
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
Year:
2013
Type:
Article
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