Influence of rice with different amylose contents on postprandial glycemic response / Journal of Rural Medicine

ABSTRACT

Objective: Clinical studies suggest that maintaining a lower postprandial glycemic response is important for improvement and prevention of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Amylose, an ingredient in many food grains, is a major factor for the lowering of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of rice with different level of amylose on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response in mice and humans.Materials and Methods: The two types of rice used in the study contained 29 wt% (high amylose rice) or 17 wt% (low amylose rice) amylose. In mice and humans, postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses were measured and then the area under the response curves of both rice groups were compared.Results: In mice, comparisons of postprandial glycemic response showed high amylose rice was lower than that for low amylose rice in all time points. Notably postprandial glycemic responses for high amylose rice at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min were significantly lower (19%, 31%, 16% and 17% respectively). The area under the glycemic response curve for high amylose rice was a remarkably 16% less than for the low amylose rice. In humans, postprandial glycemic response at 30 min and insulinemic response at 60 min for high amylose rice were significantly lower than for low amylose rice (15% and 40% lower, respectively). Furthermore, general linear measurement multivariate analysis after adjustment for eating time and hemoglobin A1c at baseline showed that postprandial glycemic response at 30 and 60 min and insulinemic response at 60 min, and the area under the glycemic response curve for high amylose rice were significantly lower than for low amylose rice in human.Conclusion: The higher amylose content of the rice lowered the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response, demonstrating the potential to prevent or improve metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.