Transition from 'Apprenticeship Model' to 'the Reflective Practitioner Model' in Medical Education / 医学教育

ABSTRACT

1) The present age is at the turning point of the view of “profession/professional” . The new professional ischaracterized with “the reflective practitioner” .<BR>2) The education of the profession has had three ideal types “apprenticeship model”, “technical exper model”, and “the reflective practitioner model” .<BR>3) In the relationship between master and apprentice are no educational/instructional interactions. The principle of apprenticeship as an education system has two aspects “imitation of the creation process” and “self-identification with the master” .<BR>4) Complexity, unstableness, uniqueness, and value-conflict of the problems in the present time revealed the limitation of Technical Rationality. The professionals have newly taken a role of the clarification of the problem concerned or “structuring the problematic situation” .<BR>5) The key concept of “the reflective practitioner” is the concept of “reflection/reflective” . It means that the professional practitioner ends not only to construct the cooperative relations among the persons who are involved in the problematic situation, but to be reflective to the professional community to which the practitioner belongs.