Effects of landing motion on power during takeoff in rebound drop jump. With special reference to angle at the knee joint / 体力科学

ABSTRACT

This study clarified the most appropriate landing motion for enhancement of the rebound drop jump index (RDJ<SUB>index</SUB>), which can evaluate the ability to perform ballistic and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) movements. The RDJindex was calculated using the formula RDJ<SUB>index</SUB>= (1/8⋅g⋅RDJt<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>) /RDJt<SUB>c</SUB> where RDJt<SUB>c</SUB> and RDJt<SUB>a</SUB> are the contact and air times during a rebound drop jump from a height of 0.3 m (RDJ), a typical SSC movement. The relationships between the RDJ<SUB>index</SUB> and the characteristics of the knee and ankle joint motions during RDJ were examined in nine male jumpers. The results were as follows<BR>(1) The characteristics of leg motion during the descending phase were that the ratio (%K-ANG) of displacement in flexion of the knee during the descending phase to that during both descending and takeoff phases was 48.6% and this preliminary motion started 53.6 ms before touchdown. Furthermore, as %K-ANG increaced, the contact time decreased (r=-0.784, p<0.05), the air time increased (r=0.874, p<0.01) and consequently, the RDJ<SUB>index</SUB> increased (r=0.891, p<0.01) . These results suggested that quick knee flexion just before touchdown is an important factor in increasing the RDJ<SUB>index</SUB>.<BR>(2) A characteristic of the leg motion during the takeoff phase was that the end point of knee flexion appeared 13.3 ms earlier than that of ankle dorsiflexion. That time increased as %K-ANG increaced (r=0.830, p<0.01), but conversely, as %K-ANG decreased markedly, end point of ankle dorsiflexion appeared earlier than that of knee flexion. These results suggested that preliminary motion of the knee would result in appropriate timing of the knee and ankle motions for shock absorption during the takeoff phase of RDJ.<BR>(3) An other characteristic of the leg motion during the takeoff phase was that the ratio of displacement of the knee in extension to that in flexion was 310.2%. This ratio increased as %K-ANG increaced (r=0.903, p<0.001) . These results suggested that preliminary motion of the knee would cause to increase displacement in extension for kick motion and yet to decrease displacement in flexion for shock absorption.<BR>These findings led to the conclusion that quick and short range flexion at the knee just before touchdown was an effective landing motion for enhancing the ability to perform ballistic and SSC movements.