Retrospective evaluation of morphine for dyspnea in terminal cancer patients

ABSTRACT

<b>Purpose</b> This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of morphine for the management of dyspnea in terminal cancer patients. <b>Methods</b> 64 terminal cancer patients, who had morphine administered for dyspnea management, were investigated. Dyspnea was assessed daily on the numerical rating scale (NRS; 0-5) before and 48 hours after the administration, and at the point of dose modifications. <b>Result</b> The medication period was 34.7 days and the daily dose of morphine was 93.0 mg. The mean NRS decreased from 3.5 to 1.6 (<i>p</i><0.001). 46 patients (72%) were started with an oral administration of normal-release morphine when-required. The major side effects of morphine, such as hypoxemia or decrease in respiratory rate, were not observed. <b>Conclusion</b> Morphine is effective and safe for the management of dyspnea even in terminal cancer patients with careful titration.