Characteristics and prognosis of neonatal hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia / 中华围产医学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and management methods and prognosis of hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia of newborns.Methods A retrospective review of clinical data of neonates with hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia in perinatal period was performed from June 1,1992 to June 1,2009 in Nanjing Children's Hospital.Results There were twenty-three neonates suffered from hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia in the perinatal period.There were 12 macrosomias and 6 preterm newborns.Abnormal birth history (65.2%,15/23),including caesarean section,fetal distress,application of vacuum extractor,prolonged labour and precipitate labor,were most commom reasons of hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia,and birth injuries [47.8% (11/23)]was subsequent.In all cases,14 cases were hepatorrhagia,six were splenorrhagia,three were hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia simultaneously.Primary early symtoms included low response,sleepiness (91.3%,21/23);jaundice 78.3% (18/23);pallor and anemia 73.9% (17/23);abdominal distension (65.2%,15/23) and so on.Ultrasonography and computed tomography may make a definite diagnosis.Fifteen newborns underwent non-operative treatment and 8 received hemostatic laparotomy.The general mortality was 13.0%(3/23).Conclusions Hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia of neonates in perinatal period is associated with macrosomias,abnormal birth history and preterm birth,and birth injuries were the major etiological factors.Clinical presentations are nonspecific which maybe asociated with the degree of blood loss.Abdominal ultrasonography is an optimal diagnostic method.Nonoperative management may be successful in hemodynamically stable patients,while immediate intervention,such as laparotomy,is required to control persist bleeding.