Immunophenotypic analysis of multiparametric flow cytometric in multiple myeloma and minimal residual disease / 国际检验医学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the detectable significance of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for the first visiting and minimal residual disease (MRD) in the patients with multiple myeloma .Methods MFC was used to identify the plasma cells by the expression of CD138 or CD38 antigen in 74 patients with multiple myeloma .By combining surface antigens like CD45 ,CD56 , CD19 ,CD20 ,CD117 and the cytoplasm Kappa and Lambda light chain ,the aberrant myeloma cells were differentiated from normal plasma cells .Results In the 44 first visiting cases ,the positive expression of CD138 can be detected in all cases ,while the expres‐sion of CD19 was negative and 42 cases (95% ) were negative or weak positive expression for CD45 .The detection rates of CD38 , CD56 ,CD20 and CD117 were 98% ,93% ,45% and 41% ,respectively .The cytoplasm Kappa and Lambda light chains were showed the limited expression .Of the patients with MM ,14 cases were used for evaluating the change of immunophenotype at first visiting and during the treatment process ,among them ,11 cases(79% ) appeared the changes in at least one of aberrant phenotypes .4 cases (29% ) had the significant enhancement of antigen marker fluorescence intensities after chemotherapy and 7 cases (50% ) had sig‐nificant decrease of antigen marker fluorescence intensities after chemotherapy .CD45 ,CD19 and cytoplasm immunoglobulin light chains were the most stable marker ,no obvious antigen marker changes were found during the treatment ,while there was a signifi‐cant antigen density change in 2 cases of CD38 (14% ) ,7 cases of CD56 (50% ) ,4 cases of CD20 (29% ) and 2 cases of CD117 (14% ) .Of the 30 cases for evaluating MRD immunophenotype ,the abnormal myeloma cells were detected in 25 cases .In 5 cases ,no expression of limited Kappa and Lambda light chains was found and the ratio of Kappa and Lambda was 0 .5 - 2 ,which were identi‐fied as negative for MRD .Conclusion The multiparameter flow cytometry has important significance in evaluating the diagnosis , therapeutical effect and prognosis .The detection by adopting cytoplasm immunoglobulin light chains can improve the accuracy in MRD detection .