Malaria Situation in the People's Republic of China in 2005 / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

ABSTRACT

Totally,42 319 malaria cases and 57 787 suspected cases with 48 deaths were reported by the Annual Case Repor-ting System in 1186 counties of 21 Provinces/Municipality/Autonomous Region(P/M/A) in 2005,and the annual incidence was 0.59/10 000,an increase of 55.3% than that of the last year.Through the Case Reporting Information System,an internet reporting process started in 2004,40 371 malaria cases were reported from 1 075 counties of 31 P/M/A.The number of malaria cases and the rank of P/M/A were basically in concordance by the two systems.Among the 1186 counties with reported malaria cases,27 counties had an incidence of more than 10/10 000 distributed in Yunnan(15 counties),Hainan(7 counties) and Anhui(5 counties).There were 80 counties in which the malaria incidence was between 1/10 000 and 10/10 000.The number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases was 4 146,accounting for 9.8% of the total cases,of which 63.5%(2 632) were imported cases in 178 counties/cities of 18 P/M/A.Indigenous falciparum malaria was found in 47 counties/cities of Yunnan and Hainan Provinces,of which 31 counties/cities were in Yunnan,increased by 29,16 counties/cities were in Hainan,same with that of 2004.Yunnan and Hainan Provinces are still relatively high transmission areas.Yunnan ranked No.2 in the country in terms of the number of cases while Hainan ranked No.1 by malaria incidence in 2005.19 588 malaria cases were reported from the two provinces in 2005,accounting for 46.3% of the total reported cases in the country.There were 15 072 cases with 38 deaths reported from Yunnan,the incidence was 4.95/10 000,an increase of 60.2% than that in the last year.Among the reported cases,3 497 were falciparum malaria with 69.0% imported from the bordering nations.The number of reported cases in Hainan was 4 516,with an incidence of 5.46/10 000,53.1% decrease than the last year.In central China,the resurgence of malaria was considerable in provinces along the Huai River,especially in Anhui Province.The number of malaria cases in Anhui came to the highest in the country in 2005,with 15 681 malaria cases and 7 662 suspected cases reported,accounting for 37.5% of the total cases in the country,and an incidence of 2.45/10 000,increased by 77.5% than that in 2004.The number of reported cases in Henan Province was 2 349,increased by 55.2% in incidence.Hubei Province reported 1 564 malaria cases with an incidence of 0.27/10 000,decreased by 42.6%.651 cases were reported from Jiangsu Province,almost the same as that in 2004.Focal outbreaks occurred in 277 villages of 20 counties in Anhui,Hubei and Jiangsu,where Anopheles sinensis is the principal transmission vector.Malaria cases reported from the above 4 provinces accounted for 47.8% of the national figure,increased approximately by 10% than the last year.Cases reported from P/M/A in the South and East China occupied about 4.9% of the total,similar to that in 2004.Several hundreds were reported from each of Guizhou,Sichuan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Shanghai and Hunan.Less than 100 cases were reported from each of Fujian,Chongqing,Shandong,Shanghai,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Shaanxi,Shanxi and Gansu Provinces in 2005.High attention should be paid to Guizhou and Tibet.Focal outbreaks occurred in Guizhou for consecutive 4 years,and malaria cases in 2005 double increased than the last year.77.8% of the reported cases were indigenous patients,which implied that local transmission resulting from imported malaria cases has become a major problem in Guizhou.93 malaria cases were reported from Linzhi District of the Tibetan Autonomous Region in 2005,76 cases more than that in 2004.In summary,malaria is still an important problem of public health in China,especially in the southern and central parts.Yunnan and Hainan still faced a severe situation of malaria endemics with the spread of Plasmodium falciparum,especially imported malaria in the 25 border counties in Yunnan.In the central part of the country,especially Anhui Province,the malaria prevalence was highly unstable with frequent focal outbreaks in areas along the Huai River,which revealed new challenges to the malaria control program in China.In addition,more attention needs to be paid to the malaria control in Guizhou and Tibet.