A follow-up study on the prognosis of very/extremely low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国新生儿科杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To study the risk factors and prognosis of very/extremely low birth weight preterm (VLBW/ELBW) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) during the first three years of life.Method From January 1st to December 31st,2012,a retrospective study was conducted on the VLBW/ELBW preterm infants with ＞ 28 days of hospitalization in the NICU of our hospital.The infants were assigned into BPD group (FiO2 ＞ 21％) and non-BPD group depending on the oxygen requirement on the 28th day after birth.The incidences of bronchitis,pneumonia,wheezing and re-hospitalization during the first three years of life were analyzed.The pulmonary function tests were performed at one-year-age.Independent-sapmles t test,Kruskal-wallis test and x2 test were used to compare the results between the two groups.Result A total of 72 patients were enrolled into this study.34 patients in the BPD group and 38 in the non-BPD group.The gestational age,birth weight and the use of INSURE technique of BPD group were significantly lower than non-BPD group,while the duration of hospital stays were longer than non-BPD group (P ＜0.05).The ratio of male,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS),patent ductus arteriosus (PDA),intrauterine infection,mechanical ventilation,nosocomial infection and the inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen were significantly higher in BPD group than non-BPD group (P ＜ 0.05).Incidences of bronchitis and wheezing during 0 ～ 1,1 ～ 2 and 2 ～ 3 years of age in the BPD were significantly higher than non-BPD group,separately.No significant differences existed in the incidences of pneumonia and re-hospitalization between the two groups.Pulmonary function test showed that the respiratory rate (RR) and peak tidal expiratory flow in the BPD group were significantly higher than non-BPD group,while the tidal volume,peak expiratory time and peak expiratory volume were significantly lower in BPD group than non-BPD group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BPD often occurs in preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks.It may cause impaired pulmonary function,characterized by obstruction in small airway,and increases the risk of bronchitis and wheezing during the first three year of life.