Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals and Patients on Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important for optimal pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to identify the problems faced by healthcare professionals in the management of GDM and the patients' perspectives as well. Methods: Two focus groups consisting of thirteen pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 20-28 weeks of gestation and sixteen healthcare professionals were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The subjects were recruited purposively from a public health clinic in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Audio recordings were made of the interview sessions and transcribed verbatim before being assessed independently by two researchers. The NVivo 10.0 programme was used to extract key themes. Results: Five emergent themes consisting of views from both groups of subjects were identified. They were (1) perceived patients' non-adherence to medical advice versus patients' own negligence; (2) poor appetite control versus patients' poor temptation control; (3) patients' lack of knowledge versus confusing information provided by healthcare staff; (4) patients 'giving up' versus being in a non-supportive environment; and (5) patients being in denial versus the disappointment when required to control diet. Conclusion: This study revealed conflicting perspectives between pregnant mothers with GDM and the healthcare staff in managing these patients. There is a need to promote positive communication between healthcare staff and patients for a better understanding of the needs of GDM patients.