Risk factors for community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among 0-18 yrs old: A retrospective case- control study

ABSTRACT

@#<p style="text-align justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection is an emerging health problem in pediatrics. Risk factors are not well established in children.<br />OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections arising in the community.<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> A restrospective case-control study was performed from January 2004 to December 2011. Cases included patients who were culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus and resistant to methicillin/oxacillin while Control included patients who were sensitive to methicillin/oxacillin. The study identified and analyzed the epidemiology, risk factors and resistance pattern of CA-MRSA isolates.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Three hundred twety three (323) patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections were enrolled 172 were CA-MRSA infections (cases); and 151 were community acquired methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA) infections (control). Demographic characteristics and clinical profile were skin (cellulitis, furunculosis and abscess) and pulmonary (pneumonica and empyema). The survival rate was high for both groups (>90%). The final multivariate logistic regresion model showed that level of crowding and socio-economic status remained model showed that level of crowding and socio-economic status remained as risk factors for CA-MRSA. The odds of having CA-MRSA in crowded households is 0.35 (90%CI 0.20-0.62) less likely when compared to the odds of acquiring MRSA in less crowded households (p=0.003). Those who had low socio-eonomic had 2.49 times higher chance (90%CI; 1.39 -4.47) of aquiring CA-MRSA compared to those with higher socio-economic status (p=0.01).<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> CA-MRSA is an emerging problem. This warrants recognition of patients with significant risk factors such as low socio-economic status and level of crowding. This may serve guide in choosing the appropriate antimicrobial theraply.</p>