Route of metastasis of primary hepatic carcinoma from the perspective of anatomy / 临床肝胆病杂志

ABSTRACT

Intrahepatic or extrahepatic metastasis of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) often occurs via various routes,which leads to treatment failure or recurrence after treatment.Almost 90％ of PHC patients die of metastasis.This article summarizes the common routes of PHC metastasis,including blood channel (the portal vein and the hepatic vein),lymphatic channel,biliary tract,direct invasion of adjacent organs,and implantation metastasis,and analyzes the basic features,clinical significance,and future research interests of each route of metastasis.It is pointed out that these routes are closely associated with anatomy.