Advances in diagnosis and treatment of Nutcracker syndrome—Based on the guideline of Nutcracker syndrome in England / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Patients with Nutcracker syndrome manifest with different symptoms,and microscopic non - glomerular hematuria,orthostatic proteinuria are the common features,and orthostatic intolerance,abdominal or flank pain,gastroin-testinal symptoms and gonadal varices,etc. are also can be seen. Severe syndromes can lead to hemorrhagic anemia and renal thrombosis. Patients with uncommon symptoms might be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis. Around 75％ of children with Nutcracker syndrome will relieve after 24 months conservative therapy. Some patients with orthostatic adjustment disorder can be effectively treated by midodrine and cortin,however,some children with severe symptoms need surgical treatment. Now,the progress on diagnosis and treatment of Nutcracker syndrome based on guideline published by England in 2017 is introduced.