Adverse reactions of subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin: a comparative study between two injection methods / 介入放射学杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare the incidences of skin ecchymosis,skin induration and pain degree occurring after subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin between two injection methods in order to determine the optimal subcutaneous injection method and provide the basis for standardizing the nursing process.Methods A total of 123 patients,who received subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin during the period from March 2016 to September 2016 at authors' department,were enrolled in this study.Self-contrast method was used to compare the results.Each patient received low molecular weight heparin with two different subcutaneous injection methods.On the left abdomen,used as the experimental side,slow injection of heparin,lasting for 10 s,was conducted,then,after the needle stayed there for 10s the needle was pulled out,and no compression was applied on the injection site.On the right abdomen,used as the control side,slow injection of heparin,lasting for 10 s,was carried out,and the needle was pulled out immediately after the injection was finished,then compression was applied on the injection site for 3 min.Two hours and 12 hours after injection,visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the degree of pain at injection site,and the incidences of skin ecchymosis and subcutaneous induration on the experimental side and the control side were documented.Results Two-hour and 12-hour VAS pain scores of the experimental group were (0.88±0.66) and (0.34±0.47) respectively,which were significantly lower than (2.02±0.65) and (1.19±0.63) of the control group (P＜0.05).The incidence of skin ecchymosis in the experimental group was 10.5％,which was strikingly lower than 23.5％ in the control group (t=2.736,P＜ 0.05).The incidence of subcutaneous induration in the experimental group was 0.04％,which was remarkably lower than 15.4％ in the control group (t=2.946,P＜0.05).Conclusion Slow injection of low molecular weight heparin,lasting for 10 s with needle staying for 10 s,and no use of compression after the needle is pulled out can decrease the incidence of skin ecchymosis and subcutaneous induration,and this injection method can reduce the pain degree as well.