Particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis after hip arthroplasty: the underlying biological mechanisms / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Loosening of the sterile prosthesis in joint replacement is a simple radiological phenomenon, but a complex immune process. The abrasive particles produced by the implant usually lead to osteolysis, which is known as particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis in order to provide reference for early identification and treatment, thereby improving the patients' prognosis. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database for the articles addressing particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis using the English keywords of "wear particles, particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Osteolysis can induce bone resorption, but the relevant clinical, animal and in vitro studies have shown that particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis involves various biological reactions, not only osteoclasts, and the bioactivity highly depends on the property and quantity. (2) Although total hip arthroplasty has achieved rapid progression, particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening are still the main factors for the life of prosthesis. (3) Biomarkers can be used as simple and objective diagnostic and prognostic criteria for osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty. (4) Further research is needed to identify new biomarkers in periprosthetic osteolysis to develop new treatments to reverse or inhibit the particle-associated biological response.