Profile of complementary food consumption during the first year of life based on Indonesia Individual Food Consumption Survey 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In Indonesia, though the recommendation to start complementary foods (CF) is at six months, mothers do not comply with this recommendation. Methods: Data from Indonesia Individual Food Consumption Survey (IFCS) 2014 of 1,514 infants aged 0-11 months was used for this study. The profiles of CF consumption during the first year of life, including frequency of consumption, types of CF, timely introduction and nutritional contents of CF were determined. Mothers were interviewed at home to determine infant intake using 24-hour dietary recall. The IFCS classified CF as home-made or manufactured. Nutrient contents were calculated using several sources. Nutrient intakes from CF for 6-11 months were compared with WHO (2001) and Dewey (2001) recommendations. Results: There were 19.2% early and 3.2% late introduction of CF. Homemade complementary foods were widely consumed. Frequency of consumption of CF among 82.7% of infants aged 6-8 month was 2-3 times per day. Intake of fat, iron, zinc and calcium from CF were inadequate in 75.5%, 86.6%, 72.9% and 60.3% respectively among infants aged 6-8 months. Inadequate intake of fat, protein, iron, zinc and calcium were also found among infants aged 9-11 months. Inadequate intake of vitamin D was also found in 89.5% and 88.7% of infants in each age group. Excessive sodium intake was found in 37.2% and 49.3% of infants in each age groups. Conclusion: While untimely complementary feeding introduction was found, greater concern was for inadequate intake of several key nutrients and excess intake of sodium among Indoensian infants. Complementary feeding education is recommended.