Food and Aeroallergens Sensitisation Pattern amongst Atopic Dermatitis Children in Hospital Kuala Lumpur

ABSTRACT

Introduction:Various foods and aeroallergens are commonly attributed as the cause and exacerbating factors ofatopic dermatitis (AD) in children. This study aim to describe the common food and aeroallergensImmunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitisation pattern and the association between atopic dermatitis (AD)children of varying eczema severities and age groups.Methods:Patients who fulfil the criteria of AD were recruited and their eczema severities were assessed usingEczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed and serum totalIgE and specific IgE taken for 6 common foods (cow’s milk, soya, egg white, peanut, wheat andchicken) and 4 aeroallergens [cat dander (Felix domesticus) and house dust mites (Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis)]. IgE sensitisation was diagnosedpositive when the SPT yield a wheal of ≥3mm compared with the negative control and/or serumspecific IgE level of >0.35ku/L. Data was analysed using SPSS®v20.Results:Overall IgE sensitisation to at least one food and/or aeroallergen was 95%. The most prevalentfood allergen in Group A [≤1 year old] (n=10) was egg white in which both tests showed statisticalsignificant results when compared with Group B [>1 year old] (n=50). Other common food allergensincluded cow’s milk and peanut. D. pteronyssinus was the commonest aeroallergen. Aeroallergenswere significantly more prevalent in Group B when comparing both groups.Conclusion:Food and aeroallergen sensitisations were very common among AD children. Food allergens weremore common in infants and aeroallergens in older children. Bigger sample size may provide morerepresentative results.