Clinical Features Indicating Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) may have nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. We studied the clinical features that may indicate nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP. METHODS: Forty-one DIP patients were classified into normal and abnormal [¹⁸F] FP-CIT scan groups. Differences in 32 clinical features and drug withdrawal effects were studied. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients had normal (Group I) and 13 patients had abnormal (Group II) scans. Eight patients of Group I, but none of Group II, had taken calcium channel blockers (p = 0.040). Three patients of Group I and six of Group II had hyposmia (p = 0.018). After drug withdrawal, Group I showed greater improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total motor scores and subscores for bradykinesia and tremors than Group II. Only hyposmia was an independent factor associated with abnormal scans, but it had suboptimal sensitivity. CONCLUSION: None of the clinical features were practical indicators of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.