Pam3CSK4 enhances adaptive immune responses to recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin expressing Plasmodium falciparum C-terminus merozoite surface protein-1

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the effects of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) agonist, Pam3CSK4, on cellular and humoral immune response against recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the C-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium falciparum. Methods: Six groups of mice (n=6 per group) received intraperitoneal phosphate buffered saline T80 (PBS-T80), BCG or rBCG in the presence or absence of Pam3CSK4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to measure serum total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b production. Spleens were also harvested and splenocytes were co-cultured with rBCG antigen for in vitro determination of IL-4 and IFN-γ via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The production of total IgG and the isotype IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b was significantly higher in rBCG-immunised mice than in the BCG and PBS-T80-immunised mice, and Pam3CSK4 further enhanced their productions. A similar pattern was also observed in IFN-γ production. Moreover, there was no significant difference in IL-4 production in all groups either in the presence or absence of Pam3CSK4. Conclusions: We present evidence of the adjuvant effects of TLR-2 agonist in enhancing the production of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, as well as IFN-γ in response to rBCG. However, the presence or absence of Pam3CSK4 had no effect on IL-4 production.