Cigarette Smoking in Men and Women and Electronic Cigarette Smoking in Men are Associated with Higher Risk of Elevated Cadmium Level in the Blood
Journal of Korean Medical Science
;
: 15-2020.
Article
in English
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-782486
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between blood concentration of cadmium and smoking status including use of electronic cigarettes (E-cigars).METHODS:
We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey 2013 and 2016. A total of 4,744 participants (2,162 men and 2,582 women) were included and were categorized into five groups (Non-smokers, E-cigar non-users in past-smokers, E-cigar users in past-smokers, E-cigar non-users in cigarette-smokers and E-cigar users in cigarette-smokers). Cadmium blood concentration was categorized into tertiles. All sampling and weight variables were stratified, and analysis to account for the complex sampling design was conducted.RESULTS:
In both genders, the geometric cadmium concentration was significantly different according to smoking status (both genders, analysis of variance P value < 0.001). In men, E-cigar users were significantly higher than the non-smokers (P value = past-smokers, 0.017; cigarette-smokers, < 0.001) when fully adjusted. Compared with non-smokers, fully-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest cadmium tertiles of E-cigar non-users in cigarette-smokers and E-cigar users in cigarette-smokers were 6.56 (3.55–12.11) and 5.68 (1.96–16.50) in men and 2.74 (1.42–5.29) and 1.29 (0.10–17.44) in women.CONCLUSION:
Conventional cigarette smoking in men and women and E-cigar use in men are associated with higher risk of elevated blood cadmium level. Preventive management of cadmium exposure monitoring in conventional cigarette-smokers and E-cigar users may be needed.
Full text:
Available
Index:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Smoke
/
Tobacco
/
Cadmium
/
Smoking
/
Odds Ratio
/
Nutrition Surveys
/
Tobacco Products
/
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
/
Korea
Type of study:
Etiology study
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
English
Journal:
Journal of Korean Medical Science
Year:
2020
Type:
Article
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