Cysteinyl Cathepsins: Multifunctional Enzymes in Cardiovascular Disease / 전남의대학술지
Chonnam Medical Journal
;
: 77-85, 2012.
Article
in English
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-788242
ABSTRACT
Until recently, the role of lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsins in intracellular protein degradation was believed to be mainly restricted to scavenging. However, recent studies have revealed nontraditional roles for cysteine protease cathepsins in the extracellular space during the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are unknown, data from animal studies suggest that members of the cathepsin family, like other extracellular proteases, contribute to extracellular matrix protein remodeling and interstitial matrix degradation, as well as to cell signaling and cell apoptosis in heart disease. Inflammatory cytokines and hormones regulate the expression and secretion of cathepsins in cultured cardiovascular cells and macrophages. Serum levels of cathepsins L, S, and K and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C may be useful predictive biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease and cardiac disease. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacological intervention with a synthetic cathepsin inhibitor and cardiovascular drugs (including statins and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists) has the potential for pharmacologic targeting of cathepsins in cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on cathepsin biology (structure, synthesis, processing, activation, secretion, activity regulation, and function) and the involvement of cysteinyl cathepsins in the pathogenesis of several heart and vessel diseases, especially with respect to their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets to prevent inappropriate proteolysis in cardiovascular disease.
Full text:
Available
Index:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Peptide Hydrolases
/
Biology
/
Coronary Artery Disease
/
Biomarkers
/
Cardiovascular Agents
/
Cardiovascular Diseases
/
Cathepsins
/
Cytokines
/
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
/
Apoptosis
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Chonnam Medical Journal
Year:
2012
Type:
Article
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