Etiology and clinical analysis of 232 hospitalized children with hypertension / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of hypertension in children; to analyze the risk factors for primary hypertension with target organ damage, and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis of hypertension in children.@*Methods@#Two hundred and thirty-two hospitalized children with hypertension at Children′s Hospital Institute of Pediatrics from April 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including general situation, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, auxiliary examination and damage assessment of target organs.@*Results@#(1)There were totally 232 eligible cases, consisting of 184 males(79.3%) and 48 females(20.7%). Among these children 38 cases(16.4%), 126 cases(54.3%), and 68 cases(29.3%) were diagnosed as prehypertension, hypertension in stage Ⅰ, and hypertension in stage Ⅱ, respectively.(2)The etiological composition of hypertension there were 181 cases(78%) diagnosed as primary hypertension and 51 cases(22%) diagnosed as secondary hypertension, respectively; the proportion of the primary hypertension children during the period of preschool, school-age, and adolescent was 1.6%(3 cases), 21.0%(38 cases) and 77.4%(140 cases), respectively.The etiology of secondary hypertension was mostly of the renal parenchymal hypertension and renal vascular hypertension(43.1%). (3) The clinical manifestations of primary hypertension were mostly of asymptomatic or mild symptoms, totally 148 cases(64%), and then dizziness, headache, chest pain, chest tightness, palpitation, blurred vision, and other clinical symptoms.(4) The high risk factors for primary hypertension with target-organ damage included cesarean section, glucose metabolism disturbance and body mass index >24 kg/m2.@*Conclusions@#In recent years, the proportion of primary hypertension among hospitalized children has increased.The changes in the etiology of secondary hypertension are not found.Primary hypertension children are often accompanied with target organ damage.It is of great significance to make blood pressure monitoring as a routine physical examination for primary and middle school students, so as to detect hypertension in children earlier, and make active intervention and improve the prognosis of hypertension in children.