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Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Airways: Their Functions and Regulators
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research ; : 381-398, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-811071
ABSTRACT
Since the airways are constantly exposed to various pathogens and foreign antigens, various kinds of cells in the airways—including structural cells and immune cells—interact to form a precise defense system against pathogens and antigens that involve both innate immunity and acquired immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, defense against pathogens and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, especially at body surface mucosal sites such as the airways. ILCs are activated mainly by cytokines, lipid mediators and neuropeptides that are produced by surrounding cells, and they produce large amounts of cytokines that result in inflammation. In addition, ILCs can change their phenotype in response to stimuli from surrounding cells, which enables them to respond promptly to microenvironmental changes. ILCs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, with different phenotypes and functions depending on the organ and type of inflammation, presumably because of differences in microenvironments. Thus, ILCs may be a sensitive detector of microenvironmental changes, and analysis of their phenotype and function at local sites may enable us to better understand the microenvironment in airway diseases. In this review, we aimed to identify molecules that either positively or negatively influence the function and/or plasticity of ILCs and the sources of the molecules in the airways in order to examine the pathophysiology of airway inflammatory diseases and facilitate the issues to be solved.
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Full text: Available Index: WPRIM (Western Pacific) Main subject: Phenotype / Plastics / Respiratory Tract Diseases / Population Characteristics / Neuropeptides / Lymphocytes / Cytokines / Adaptive Immunity / Cellular Microenvironment / Homeostasis Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Year: 2020 Type: Article

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Full text: Available Index: WPRIM (Western Pacific) Main subject: Phenotype / Plastics / Respiratory Tract Diseases / Population Characteristics / Neuropeptides / Lymphocytes / Cytokines / Adaptive Immunity / Cellular Microenvironment / Homeostasis Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Year: 2020 Type: Article