Investigation of eyesight and refractive status in four schools of Xicheng District, Beijing during 2015-2016 school year / 中国学校卫生

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To analyze the refractive status of all students in four schools in Xicheng District of Beijing, and to provide data for myopia prevention and control in the future.@*Methods@#A total of 2 496 students from 2 complete middle schools and 2 primary schools were examined for visual acuity and non-mydriatic automatic optometry. The data about their eyesight and refractive status was analyzed by using SPSS 11.5.@*Results@#The total detection rate of poor eyesight was 69.99% in four schools, and total rate of myopia was 57.97%. 1 610 eyes were of low myopia (32.25%), 1 054 eyes were of moderate myopia (21.11%) and 231 eyes were of high myopia (4.61%). The order of refractive status composition in different periods was as follows in primary school, it was emmetropia (35.64%)> low myopia (28.76%)> hyperopia (15.04%)> moderate myopia (10.45%); and in junior middle school, low myopia (38.62%) > moderate myopia (29.07%) > emmetropia (12.43%); in senior middle school, moderate myopia (37.31%) > low myopia (33.95%)> high myopia (11.34%), the emmetropia in senior middle school was detected of only 5.29%. Low myopia increased rapidly from grade 1 (10.54%) to grade 3 (30.08%) in primary schools, moderate myopia increased rapidly from grade 4 to grade 6 (14.22%, 17.94%, 25.00%) in primary schools, and high myopia increased rapidly from grade 2 (7.11%) in junior middle school to grade 2 (13.47%) in senior middle school. The average diopter was (-1.69±2.42)D. The average diopter of primary school was (-0.76±1.87)D, junior middle school was (-2.41±2.40)D, senior middle school was (-3.09±2.62)D, the difference was significant (F=541.40, P<0.01). The average diopter of each grade decreased year by year with significant difference (F=139.97, P<0.01). The annual difference was between - 0.3 D and - 0.7 D.@*Conclusion@#The prevention and control of myopia should pay special attention to the primary school stage. The earlier the intervention, the more likely it is to prevent myopia from developing into high myopia.