Involvement and significance of large transmembrane protein piezo1 in orthopedic related diseases / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies found that mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, cartilage cells, nucleus pulposus cells, and osteosarcoma cells can receive mechanical stimulation from extracellular environment through Piezo1 protein so as to activate cell signal transduction pathways, affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, which determines physiological and pathological processes of physiological structure of bone, joint degeneration, and fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To review Piezo1 related to osteoporosis and degenerative osteoarthropathy, summarize the latest advances by reviewing the latest discovery of Piezo1 in other orthopedic diseases, and provide ideas for novel treatment strategies for orthopedic related diseases. METHODS: A computer search was conducted on the literatures related to the research progress of Piezo1 in orthopedic diseases in CNKI and PubMed from inception to January 2020. The Chinese keywords were “mechanically sensitive ion channel proteins, osteoporosis, degenerative osteoarthropathy, orthopedic diseases”, and the English keywords were “Piezo1, osteoporosis, degenerative osteoarthropathy, orthopedic diseases”. A full web search was conducted, and finally 60 literatures were included for review and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Piezo1 can release biological signals and regulate osteoclast activity during the development of osteoporosis by directly detecting the mechanical load in osteoblastic lineage cells. (2) In the progression of degenerative osteoarthropathy, Piezo1 on the cartilage cell membrane was able to effectively recognize stimuli of different strengths and types of external mechanical stress and eventually induce chondrocyte apoptosis. (3) In bone metabolic diseases, degenerative arthritis of joints and other orthopedic diseases, Piezo1 is involved in the pathological process of the disease. The emergence of Piezo1 provides a more specific molecular basis for the application of mechanical stimulation in orthopedics, opens a new thinking and perspective, and also lays a “hint” for the future dual drug administration and precision medicine.