New idea of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of femoral head is a difficult disease in orthopedics, and head-preserving surgery is adopted in the early stage, especially bone grafting, in which autogenous bone and allogenic bone are commonly used as bone graft materials. However, autogenous bone transplantation is traumatic and has limited source of donor bone. Although there are abundant sources of allogeneic bone, there are serious immunologic rejection and absorption risks. With the development of tissue engineering technology, osteonecrosis of femoral head treatment has entered a new mode. OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and new progress of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head. METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI database from 2000 to 2019 were searched by the first author. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, tissue engineering technology, mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, growth factor, bone grafting, hip preserving” in English and Chinese. Meta-analysis and repetitive articles were excluded. A total of 53 literatures related to tissue engineering techniques for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of cytology and material science, great progress has been made in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with tissue engineering technology. It includes different kinds of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells for repairing osteonecrosis, 3D printing and nanotechnology for scaffold materials, and the relationship between the expression of growth factor and osteonecrosis of femoral head. The ideal scaffold complex should be close to the biological characteristics of the organism itself. It can provide support for the necrotic area through effective biomechanical properties, thus reducing the pressure of necrotic area, promoting capillary repair and regeneration, and differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts combined with cytokines, so as to complete the regeneration of new bone in necrotic area. However, most of these studies are still in the animal experimental stage. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, clinical medicine and tissue engineering, the full performance artificial manufacturing of bionic bone graft materials will be expected to be born, which will bring good news to hip patients.