Cerebral organoids culture and application in central nervous system diseases / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Brain tissue is the most complex structure of human development. Many human brain diseases are difficult to reproduce in animals, so the establishment of an in vitro model of brain development has a very important research value. In recent years, with the rapid development of the field of stem cells, an artificial tissue culture technology has emerged, that is, through the three-dimensional culture in vitro, stem cells from a single cell are produced into a complex structure resembling whole organs, which is called organoids. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of brain organ in recent years from the aspects of the current situation of brain organ culture, pathogenesis, histological characteristics and application in nervous system diseases, and analyze the research defects of brain organ in order to provide reference for the research in related fields. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were searched by the first author for related studies published from January 1998 to June 2019. The keywords were “organoids, cerebral organoids, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neurogenesis, cerebral cortex, development, neurodegenerative disease” in Chinese, and “organoids, cerebral organoids, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neurogenesis, cerebral cortex, development, neurological diseases, self-organization” in English. Finally, 45 eligible articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cerebral organoids can be effectively developed in vitro by using the self-organization of pluripotent stem cells and adding nerve-inducing factors. As a new biological culture technology, cerebral organoids have great research and application value in investigating development of living tissue, the mechanism of disease formation, tissue replacement therapy and drug experiments.