Research advances in structure and function of stromal interaction molecule 1 and its role in diseases / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

ABSTRACT

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a sensor of calcium ions in the intracellular calcium store. It is mainly distributed on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in the form of dimers. It is expressed in various cells, such as nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, myocardial cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and immune cells. Its function is mainly to regulate the opening and closing of the store-operated calcium entry channels. It can affect the concentration of calcium ions, the intracellular second messenger, and regulate various cellular physiological functions, such as cell secretion, proliferation, gene transcription, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and adhesion. A series of studies have shown that STIM1 not only is associated with the malignant behaviors of tumor cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, but also activates the switch of immune cells in the body. What's more, it plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases and vital organ damage. Based on the structural characteristics, mechanism of action and function of STIM1, this paper is intended to elucidate its relationships with tumors, immune system diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases with the hope of providing reference for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.