Progresses of imaging diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome / 中国医学影像技术

ABSTRACT

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) refers to symptomatic compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery with a serial of clinical symptoms including hematuria, proteinuria, lateral abdominal pain and varicocele. Imaging methods such as Doppler ultrasonography, CTA, MRA, intravascular ultrasound and renal venography play an important role in the diagnosis of NCS. The imaging findings and diagnostic criteria of NCS were reviewed in this paper.