Effect of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Healing of Induced Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in Albino Rat

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mesenchymal stem cells have delivered new approaches to the management of wound healing in severe skin injuries. This work was planned to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on healing of induced full thickness skin wounds in albino rats using topical & systemic injections. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty adult male albino rats were classified into 2 groups after induction of full thickness skin wound; untreated group and stem cell-treated group. The latter was further subdivided into topically and systemically treated ones. BMSCs were isolated & labeled by PKH26 before injection. Healing of wounds was evaluated grossly. Skin biopsies were obtained one & three weeks after wound induction. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemichal stain for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Epidermal thicknesses and mean area percent of both collagen fibers & VEGF immunopositive cells were measured using image analyzer & results were subjected to statistical analysis. PKH26 fluorescent-labeled cells were found in the regenerated epidermis, hair follicles and dermis in BMSCs-treated groups. By the end of the third week, the wounds of BMSCs-treated groups showed full regeneration of epidermis, re-organization of collagen and decrease in VEGF immunopositive cells. Delayed wound healing was seen in 20% of systemically treated rats. Significant increase in the mean area percent of collagen fibers was detected in topically treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods of BMSCs injection were effective in healing of full thickness skin wound but topical method was more effective.