Research progress on mechanism of osteoinduction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中华骨科杂志

ABSTRACT

The treatment of large-segment bone defects is a severe trouble. The emergence of bone tissue engineering, a current research hotspot, has brought promising treatment strategies to this field. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as a kind of seeding cells for bone tissue engineering, have multipotentials, including easy isolation and culture, abundant sources and easy to expand. BMSCs can be differentiated into osteoblasts by a variety of methods to achieve the purpose of bone repairing. Currently, the components to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs include cellular factors, hormones, biological materials, traditional Chinese medicine, physical stimulation and non-coding RNA. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs is a very complex process, which is controled by kinds of signaling pathways to maintain a balanced in bone metabolism, mainly including BMPs/Smad signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, etc. The development of active factors and scaffold which can induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs is the basis for the development of bone tissue engineering. Further exploration of signaling pathways could reveal some specific molecular mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets in regeneration medicine. However, some issues, such as osteoblasts differentiation of BMSCs, mutual interference of signal pathways, clinical transformation and clinical application, are still needed to be resolved.