A Cohort study on obesity and hypertension risk among people aged over 40 years old in Xining / 公共卫生与预防医学

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate obesity and hypertension risk among people aged over 40 years old in Xining based on cohort study. Methods In this prospective cohort study, the physical examination data of 1 149 physical examinees aged over 40 years in our hospital from August 2011 to August 2012 were included as baseline data. Follow up was performed from August 2015 to August 2017. The selected individuals were divided into four groups according to the body mass index (BMI), group A1, A2, A3, and A4, then the incidence of hypertension was recorded. With group A2 as reference group, the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for hypertension of group A1, A3 and A4 were estimated using generalized linear regression model with Log-binomial regression methods. The population attributable risk proportion of obesity to hypertensive population based on gender and age stratification was calculated. Results Among 919 subjects, 53 cases had BMI2, 546 cases had BMI of 18.5-23.9kg/m2, 256 cases had BMI of 24.0-27.9kg/m2 and 64 cases had BMI>27.9kg/m2; The incidence rate and risk of hypertension in group A4 were significantly higher than those in group A3, A2 and A1 [x2 incidence rate = 31.698, U incidence risk = 3.075 (model 1), 3.572 (model 2), 3.634 (model 3), 3.505 (model 4), all P=0.000]. The relative risks of developing hypertension of baseline normal weight-follow up overweight / obesity group, baseline overweight / obesity-follow up normal weight group, and baseline / follow-up overweight/obesity group were 52.00%, 26.00% and 74.00% in model 1, those were 52.00%, 29.00% and 75.00% in model 2, which were 49.00%, 28.00% and 68.00% in model 3, and were 30.00%, 8.00% and 35.00% in model 4; The risk of hypertension among overweight/obese people aged 40~65 and ≥66 years was 19% and 9%, and the population attributable risk proportion was 6.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Conclusion In Xining area, the risk of obesity induced hypertension in people over 40 years old is on the rise, and weight gain in middle-aged people is a risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, life intervention for middle-aged overweight or obese people is of vital importance to reduce the incidence of hypertension.