The Correlation of Ankle Brachial Index and the severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital in Davao City, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT

@#INTRODUCTION: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) had been shown to have a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular events as well as cerebrovascular accidents particularly acute ischemic stroke. However, there are limited data on the association between ankle brachial index (ABI) values and the severity of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the correlation of ABI values and the severity of acute ischemic stroke in Southern Philippines Medical Center. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with 112 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke from June to October 2017. The ABI ratio of the subjects were obtained and correlated with the severity of stroke using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Data analyses utilized chi-square test for categorical variables while ANOVA test for continuous variables. Spearman rho was used to determine the association between ABI and NIHSS. RESULTS: Majority of patients with acute ischemic stroke had PAD with ABI ratio of ≤ 0.9 (51.8%). Using t-test, the NIHSS was significantly higher among patients with PAD having a mean score of 12.43 ± 5.29 compared to patients with normal ABI ratio having a mean score of 5.13 ± 4.09 (p= < 0.001). Furthermore, using Spearman’s rho statistics, ABI ratio was negatively correlated with NIHSS score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that there is a correlation between low ABI value and the severity of acute ischemic stroke. Routine ABI screening may help physicians intensify treatment strategies for those high-risk patients to prevent future events.