Screening results of neonatal diseases and exploration of management mode in Yichang in 2017-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

ABSTRACT

Objective To retrospectively analyze the results of neonatal diseases screening in Yichang from 2017 to 2019, understand the incidence and recall of the diseases, and explore the management mode of neonatal disease screening suitable for this region. Methods The subjects were newborns who were delivered in Yichang midwifery institutions from 2017 to 2019 and were screened for neonatal diseases. Heel blood of the newborns was collected for the screening of neonatal diseases, including congenital hypothyroidism (CH), phenylketonuria (PKU), G6PD deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and thalassemia. Those newborns with positive initial screening were recalled for reexamination and confirmation. The recall rates of different diseases were compared by Chi-square test. Results There were 85 891 live births in Yichang area from 2017 to 2019, and 84 063 cases were screened for neonatal diseases, with a screening rate of 97.87%. A total of 6 043 cases were positive in the initial screening, of which 5,047 cases were recalled, with a recall rate of 83.52%. The recall rates of the traditional two diseases (CH and PKU) and the new three diseases (CAH, G6PD deficiency and thalassemia) were significantly different ( χ2= 197.93, P＜0.01). A total of 501 cases were diagnosed. The incidence rate of CH was 1/1,911, the incidence rate of PKU was 1/12 009, the incidence rate of CAH was 1/28 021, the incidence rate of G6PD deficiency was 1/1 121, and the incidence rate of thalassemia was 1/226. Conclusions The neonatal disease screening rate increased year by year in Yichang, but the recall rate of suspicious positive initial screenings decreased. It is necessary to explore a more suitable management mode for the five neonatal disease screenings in this region, improve the recall rate of children with positive screening, reduce the incidence of disabled children, and improve the quality of the birth population.