A nested case-control study on the relationship between L-form bacterial infection and surgical site infection in chronic calculous cholecystitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To study the correlation between L-form bacterial infection and surgical site infection (SSI) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis, and to find out the interventional measures which can be used in clinical prevention of SSI.Methods:Using a prospective nested case-control study, patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis who underwent LC at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from September 2016 to June 2020 were prospectively studied. The postoperative follow-up observation time was within 1 month from the date of surgery. The patients’ general information, perioperative conditions, presence of L-form bacteria in gallbladder contents, postoperative SSI and other indicators, as well as the data entered by the surgeons before the operations were collected in detail. According to whether SSI occurred or not after operation, these patients were paired and grouped in a ratio of 1∶4 between the SSI group versus the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for SSI after LC.Results:Of 695 patients included in the study, there were 248 males and 447 females, aged (46.0±15.0) years old. The infection rates of L-form bacteria in the case group and the control group were 45.32% and 30.94%, respectively. The infection rate of L-form bacteria in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The L-form bacterial infection rate ( OR=2.082, 95% CI 1.335-3.197, P=0.001) suggested that L-form bacterial infection significantly increased the risk of SSI. In addition, rupture of gallbladder during surgery, ( OR=2.249, 95% CI 1.352-3.740, P=0.002), adhesion of gallbladder to surrounding tissues ( OR=1.903, 95% CI 1.133-3.194, P=0.015), and excessive bleeding during operation ( OR=2.247, 95% CI 1.418-3.561, P=0.001) also increased the risk of SSI, while increased experience of operating surgeons on number of surgical cases ( OR=0.549, 95% CI 0.340-0.888, P=0.014) decreased the risk of SSI. Conclusion:L-form bacterial infection was one of the risk factors of SSI. L-form bacterial culture and tests for drug sensitivity were important in selecting antibiotics. Improved surgical skills, careful dissection of gallbladder from surrounding adhesions, reduction on intraoperative blood loss and avoiding gallbladder rupture contributed to a decrease in SSI.